ABSTRACT
Giant-cell fibroma is a benign fibrotic soft tissue lesion with several unique features, separating it from other oral fibrous hyperplasias. Giant cell fibromas are most commonly seen in younger adults. It is often mistaken with fibroma because of due to its clinical resemblance. Its peculiar histopathological features help to distinguish giant-cell fibroma from them. The presence of stellate fibroblasts and multi-nucleated giant cells makes this lesion a different pathological entity. This article presents a case report of giant-cell fibroma in a 65-year-old female patient, this late manifestation of the lesion makes the case unusual.
ABSTRACT
Among bone tumours of head neck region, benign tumours of bone are common, while malignant tumours are very rare. These benign tumours constitute about 75% of all bone tumours. Most of these bone tumours present clinically with pain, swelling and symptoms of compression of vascular and neural structures. Surgery is not required for these bone tumours unless patient experiences any discomfort as diagnosis is made on plain radiographs. Only 2% of all benign tumours may undergo malignancy[1]. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a less common skeletal developmental anomaly of the bone, which is often misdiagnosed as malignant bone tumour. It manifests as defect in osteoblastic differentiation and maturation and affects a single bone or may involve multiple bones2. Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumour, predominantly affecting the long bones and occasionally seen affecting the maxillofacial region. It accounts for 15–35% of all primary bone tumours and 4–8% of sarcomas of jaw[4]. In osteosarcoma, males are more commonly affected than females. The aim of this article is to represent a rare case of bone tumour of the upper jaw in 10-year-old boy, which was initially suspected as osteosarcoma and later confirmed as FD.
ABSTRACT
Cholera remains a public health concern in developing countries because of its high morbidity and mortality. This study was designed to assess the magnitude of and factors responsible for an outbreak in a South Indian village and to implement measures for containing and preventing the recurrence of such outbreaks. Data was obtained by surveying households in the village to identify cases and assess factors responsible for the outbreak. A sanitary survey of the water supply system was performed to identify the cause of the outbreak. Preventive measures were implemented by setting up a rapid response team to manage cases and provide safe drinking water and health education regarding the prevention of such outbreaks. A total of 73 cases were reported during the outbreak, an attack rate of 17.5%. Attack rates were similar among males and females, and the highest rates were observed among the elderly [33.3%], while the lowest rates were observed among adults [14.7%]. There were no deaths reported due to cholera in the village. Most households [81%] surveyed did not use any method of water purification, 79.7% practiced open field defecation and 58.2% practiced inadequate hand washing, indicating poor sanitary practices. Cases were most commonly observed in houses which did not practice any method of water purification [p < 0.001] and among people living below the poverty line [p = 0.02]. Despite the high attack rate, no deaths were reported, largely thanks to timely medical and preventive interventions